
How to lower blood pressure or hypertension?
Hypertension definition:
Definitions of Hypertension
Optimal < 120 < 80
Normal < 130 85
High normal 130–139 85–89
Hypertension
Grade 1 (mild)140–159 90–99
Grade 2 (moderate)160–179 100–109
Grade 3 (severe) ≥ 180 >110
Isolated systolic hypertension
Grade 1 140–159 < 90
Grade 2 ≥ 160 < 90
Hypertension symptoms
run many years without notice. After years its effects on several target organs. So it mainly
presents the feature of target organs. Target organs are the Brain, Eye, Heart, Kidney
, Blood vessels. Occasionally, high-pressure presents with Headache, restlessness,
drowsiness, and even unconsciousness in hypertensive encephalopathy. Symptoms of
hypertension are
subjective and individualized.patients may present in the emergency
Hypertension causes
Primary hypertension:
About 95% of cases, there is no cause. Its called Idiopathic or
primary or Essential hypertension.
Secondary hypertension:
Only 5% of cases have an underlying cause.
Alcohol
Obesity
Pregnancy
Renal disease
Renal vascular disease
polycystic kidney disease
Endocrine disease
Phaeochromocytoma
Cushing’s syndrome
Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome)
Glucocorticoid-suppressible hyperaldosteronism
Hyperparathyroidism
Primary hypothyroidism
Thyrotoxicosis
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
dehydrogenase deficiency
Drugs: steroids, NSAIDs
Coarctation of the aorta
Test for Hypertension
Urine test, Especially for blood, protein, and glucose
Blood test for Blood
urea, electrolytes, and creatinine
Blood glucose
Lipid Profile (Serum total and HDL cholesterol, LDL)
Thyroid function tests
(TSH, FT4, FT3)
ECG
These are the basic test for detecting the cause of high blood
pressure.
Further special tests may be needed.
Hypertension Management
It has two wings.there are non pharmacological and
pharmacological management.
Non pharmacological strategies:
Salt restriction: The aim of lowering intake of table salt less
than 6 grams/day, ideally 3gram/day. A recent
The study showed that lowering salt intake can have a
significant effect on blood pressure. For example, reducing
Salt intake by 6g/day can lower blood pressure by 10 mm Hg.
Caffeine intake should be reduced.
Stop smoking
Drink less alcohol
Eat a balanced diet rich in fruit and vegetables
Exercise more
Lose weight
Pharmacological management
Patient >= 55 years old or Afro-Caribbean
Origin: calcium channel blocker (amlodipine, cildipine,
nifedipine)
Step 2 treatments:
0 Comments